leonzo zei:
Ik vind het spectaculair hoe iemand kan stellen dat macro-evolutie een samenraapsel is van micro-evolutie terwijl dit nog nooit in een labo of nog beter, in de natuur, werd vastgesteld.
Nog niet half zo spectaculair als ontkennen dat het gebeurt. Als je verder zou kijken dan je neus lang is zou je weten dat er voorbeelden genoeg zijn. Zelfs een snelle wiki search volstaat;
"The term "macroevolution" frequently arises within the context of the evolution/creation debate, usually used by creationists alleging a significant difference between the evolutionary changes observed in field and laboratory studies and the larger scale macroevolutionary changes that scientists believe to have taken thousands or millions of years to occur. They accept that evolutionary change is possible within what they call "kinds" ("microevolution"), but deny that one "kind" can evolve into another ("macroevolution"). Contrary to this belief among the anti-evolution movement proponents, evolution of life forms beyond the species level ("macroevolution", i.e. speciation in a specific case) has indeed been observed multiple times under both controlled laboratory conditions and in nature. [1]"
Generally, there is ambiguity as to where they draw a line on "species", "created kinds", etc. and what events and lineages fall within the rubric of microevolution or macroevolution.[2] The claim that macroevolution does not occur, or is impossible, is not supported by the scientific community.
Such claims are rejected by the scientific community on the basis of ample evidence that macroevolution is an active process both presently and in the past.[3][4] The terms macroevolution and microevolution relate to the same processes operating at different scales, but creationist claims misuse the terms in a vaguely defined way which does not accurately reflect scientific usage.
[1] Rice, W.R.; Hostert (1993). "Laboratory experiments on speciation: what have we learned in 40 years". Evolution 47 (6): 1637–1653.
doi:10.2307/2410209. JSTOR 2410209.
*Jiggins CD, Bridle JR (2004). "Speciation in the apple maggot fly: a blend of vintages?". Trends Ecol. Evol. (Amst.) 19 (3): 111–4.
doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.12.008. PMID 16701238.
*Boxhorn, J (1995). "
Observed Instances of Speciation". TalkOrigins Archive. Retrieved 26 December 2008.
*Weinberg JR, Starczak VR, Jorg, D (1992). "Evidence for Rapid Speciation Following a Founder Event in the Laboratory". Evolution 46 (4): 1214–20.
doi:10.2307/2409766. JSTOR 2409766.
*Kirkpatrick, Mark; Virginie Ravigné (2002-03). "Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments". The American Naturalist 159 (3): S22–S35.
doi:10.1086/338370. ISSN 00030147. JSTOR 3078919. PMID 18707367.
[2]
Macroevolution: Its definition, Philosophy and History
[3] Awbrey, Frank T. (1981). "
Defining "Kinds" — Do Creationists Apply a Double Standard?". National Center for Science Education.
[4] CB901:
No Macroevolution
Claim: No case of macroevolution has ever been documented.
Response:
- We would not expect to observe large changes directly. Evolution consists mainly of the accumulation of small changes over large periods of time. If we saw something like a fish turning into a frog in just a couple generations, we would have good evidence against evolution.
- The evidence for evolution does not depend, even a little, on observing macroevolution directly. There is a very great deal of other evidence (Theobald 2004; see also evolution proof).
- As biologists use the term, macroevolution means evolution at or above the species level. Speciation has been observed and documented.
- Microevolution has been observed and is taken for granted even by creationists. And because there is no known barrier to large change and because we can expect small changes to accumulate into large changes, microevolution implies macroevolution. Small changes to developmental genes or their regulation can cause relatively large changes in the adult organism (Shapiro et al. 2004).
- There are many transitional forms that show that macroevolution has occurred.